The limits of the Hookeriaceae are discussed with the exclusion of some recently added elements, Cyathophorum, Cyathophorella, and Dendrocyathophorum. Of the genera traditionally placed in the family, Chaetomitrium is also excluded, but briefly reviewed. Segregate families based on peristome structure, such as the Daltoniaceae, are rejected. Papillose peristomes show at least three basically distinct types in the Hookeriaceae and they probably evolved at least three separate times. Keys are furnished to the 11 genera and 36 species of Hookeriaceae recognized in the Philippines and to the 17 species of Chaetomitrium in the country. Eleven species are newly reported from the country including four in Chaetomitrium, four in Distichophyllum, two in Leskeodon, and one in Calyptrochaeta. Bryobrothera is reported from the country. Ten new synonyms are cited. Five new combinations, Calyptrochaeta microblasta, C. ramosa, Distichophyllum nigricaule var. elmeri, Daltonia robbinsii, and Leskeodon brevicuspidatus, and one new name, Chaetomitrium schofieldii, are proposed. Lectotypes are selected for Calyptrochaeta ramosa (Fleischer) Tan and Robinson, Distichophyllum brevicuspes Fleischer, D. nigricaule Mitten ex Bosch and Lacoste, D. gracilicaule Fleischer, Lepidopilum sumatranum Bosch and Lacoste, and Hookeriopsis wichurae Fleischer. New records reported from other countries include Daltonia armata for Sumatra and Achrophyllum dentatum and Distichophyllum subnigricaule for New Guinea.