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Timber damage by black bears approaches to control the problem Cover Image E-book

Timber damage by black bears [electronic resource] : approaches to control the problem / Dale L. Nolte, Kimberly K. Wagner, Andy Trent.

Nolte, Dale L., (author.). Wagner, Kimberly K., (author.). Trent, Andy, (author.). United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, (sponsoring body.). Technology & Development Program (U.S.), (issuing body.).

Summary:

"Describes alternative approaches to controlling the damage black bears cause during the spring when they strip bark to eat the newly formed wood underneath. One bear might strip as many as 70 trees in a day. The trees will be damaged and may be killed if the bark is stripped all the way around the tree, girdling it. Bears appear to strip the most vigorous trees, preferring stands that have been thinned, or those where urea fertilizer has been applied. Bears also appear to prefer trees with a high concentration of sugars relative to the concentration of terpenes. Pruning decreases the sugar-to-terpene ratio, reducing the likelihood that trees will be stripped by bears. Bears generally quit stripping trees once other foods become available during the late spring or early summer. One approach to reducing damage has been to provide supplemental feed (pellets resembling dog food) in stands being damaged by bears. In one study, damage was just one-fifth as much in stands with feeders as in stands without feeders. Killing bears in areas where trees are being stripped can also reduce damage. Other approaches, such as relocation, contraception or sterilization, or repellents, are not generally practical for protecting forest plantations."

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Record details

  • Physical Description: 1 online resource (10 pages) : illustrations (chiefly color)
  • Publisher: Missoula, MT : United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology and Development Program, 2003.

Content descriptions

General Note:
"0324-2832-MTDC"--Cover.
"2400 Timber"--Cover.
"3E32E84-Animal damage management."
"In cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service"--Cover.
"November 2003."
In scope of the U.S. Government Publishing Office Catalog and Indexing Program (C&I) and Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP).
Reproduction Note:
Electronic reproduction. [Place of publication not identified]: HathiTrust Digital Library. 2024.
System Details Note:
Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212
Source of Description Note:
Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (USDA FS, viewed June 2, 2025).

Search for related items by subject

Subject:
Forest protection > Northwest, Pacific.
Timber > Diseases and pests > Control > Northwest, Pacific.
Black bear > Northwest, Pacific.
Wildlife management > Northwest, Pacific.
Ursus americanus.
Carbohydrates.
Girdling.
Plantations.
Afforestation.
Repellents.
Silviculture.
Sugars.
Terpenoids.

Additional Physical Form Titles

Timber damage by black bears.

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MARC Record

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24510. ‡aTimber damage by black bears ‡h[electronic resource] : ‡bapproaches to control the problem / ‡cDale L. Nolte, Kimberly K. Wagner, Andy Trent.
264 1. ‡aMissoula, MT : ‡bUnited States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology and Development Program, ‡c2003.
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500 . ‡a"0324-2832-MTDC"--Cover.
500 . ‡a"2400 Timber"--Cover.
500 . ‡a"3E32E84-Animal damage management."
500 . ‡a"In cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service"--Cover.
500 . ‡a"November 2003."
500 . ‡aIn scope of the U.S. Government Publishing Office Catalog and Indexing Program (C&I) and Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP).
520 . ‡a"Describes alternative approaches to controlling the damage black bears cause during the spring when they strip bark to eat the newly formed wood underneath. One bear might strip as many as 70 trees in a day. The trees will be damaged and may be killed if the bark is stripped all the way around the tree, girdling it. Bears appear to strip the most vigorous trees, preferring stands that have been thinned, or those where urea fertilizer has been applied. Bears also appear to prefer trees with a high concentration of sugars relative to the concentration of terpenes. Pruning decreases the sugar-to-terpene ratio, reducing the likelihood that trees will be stripped by bears. Bears generally quit stripping trees once other foods become available during the late spring or early summer. One approach to reducing damage has been to provide supplemental feed (pellets resembling dog food) in stands being damaged by bears. In one study, damage was just one-fifth as much in stands with feeders as in stands without feeders. Killing bears in areas where trees are being stripped can also reduce damage. Other approaches, such as relocation, contraception or sterilization, or repellents, are not generally practical for protecting forest plantations."
533 . ‡aElectronic reproduction. ‡b[Place of publication not identified]: ‡cHathiTrust Digital Library. ‡d2024. ‡5MiAaHDL
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588 . ‡aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (USDA FS, viewed June 2, 2025).
650 0. ‡aForest protection ‡zNorthwest, Pacific.
650 0. ‡aTimber ‡xDiseases and pests ‡xControl ‡zNorthwest, Pacific.
650 0. ‡aBlack bear ‡zNorthwest, Pacific.
650 0. ‡aWildlife management ‡zNorthwest, Pacific.
650 3. ‡aUrsus americanus.
650 3. ‡aCarbohydrates. ‡0(CARDINAL)695310
650 3. ‡aGirdling.
650 3. ‡aPlantations. ‡0(CARDINAL)249610
650 3. ‡aAfforestation. ‡0(CARDINAL)275279
650 3. ‡aRepellents.
650 3. ‡aSilviculture.
650 3. ‡aSugars. ‡0(CARDINAL)330858
650 3. ‡aTerpenoids.
7001 . ‡aWagner, Kimberly K., ‡eauthor.
7001 . ‡aTrent, Andy, ‡eauthor.
7101 . ‡aUnited States. ‡bAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service, ‡esponsoring body. ‡0(CARDINAL)146301
7102 . ‡aTechnology & Development Program (U.S.), ‡eissuing body. ‡0(CARDINAL)270706
77608. ‡iPrint version: ‡aNolte, Dale L. ‡tTimber damage by black bears. ‡dMissoula, MT : USDA Forest Service, Technology and Development Program, [2003] ‡w(OCoLC)54902057
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