1. End of the Middle Ages and the growth of realism -- Art forms and society / René Huyghe -- Revival of realism in Medieval Italy / Enzo Carli -- Historical summary / Lydie Huyghe and Adeline Hulftegger -- International Gothic style / Charles Sterling -- Middle class realism in the 15th century -- Flemish realism and its expansion / Charles Sterling -- Later 15th century in Germany and the Iberian Peninsula / Adeline Hulftegger -- Historical summary / Adeline Hulftegger, Jean Charles Moreux and Evelyn King -- 2. Italian Renaissance and the ideal of beauty -- Art forms and society / René Huyghe -- Quattrocento / Eugenio Battisti -- Historical summary / Adeline Hulftegger, Jean Charles Moreux and Evelyn King -- Italian cinquecento and idealism / Giulio Carlo Argan -- Cinquecento in Venice / Rodolfo Palluchini -- Beginnings of the Renaissance outside Italy -- France, Flanders and England / Pierre Pradel -- Germany between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance / Adeline Hulftegger -- Historical summary / Adeline Hulftegger, Jean Charles Moreux and Evelyn King -- 3. Later Renaissance -- Art forms and society / René Huyghe -- Mannerism in the 16th century -- First Italian mannerism and the new conception of reality / Rodolfo Palluchini -- Mannerism in Northern Europe and the school of Fontainebleau / Jean Babelon -- Development of Italian mannerism after 1550 / Lionello Venturi -- Realism and the first classical and Baroque trends -- Realism and classicism in Italy / Lionello Venturi -- Golden age of Spain, Portugal and the Americas / José Camón Aznar -- Catholic and Baroque Flanders / Paul Fierens -- Realism in the Protestant and bourgeois countries / Marcel Brion -- French classicism and its prolongation / Jacques Combe -- Historical summary / Sylvie Béguin, Liliane Brion-Guerry, Lydie Huyghe, Gisèle Polaillon-Kerven, Evelyn King, and Emily Evershed -- 4. Baroque Art -- Art forms and society / René Huyghe -- From the Roman Baroque to the German rococo / Jacques Vanuxem -- Iberian Baroque and the new world / Germain Bazin -- Quest for individuality / Marcel Brion -- Historical summary / Liliane Brion-Guerry, Lydie, Huyghe, Gisèle Polaillon-Kerven, Evelyn King, and Emily Evershed.